Friendship Is A Strange Concept - 1732 Words

Friendship is a strange concept. You meet someone and eventually, after talking to them and being around them more you feel more comfortable calling them a friend opposed to an acquaintance. However, not just anyone can be a friend and there are different types of friendships. According to Aristotle there are three different types of friendships and only one of them is the real deal. The Epicureans would view friendship as being something very important in life. To me, friendship is both of these views put together with a few changes here and there. To begin, Aristotle believed that there are three types of friendship. One of those three is a utility friendship. This friendship is based only on one person’s own good, and it is only a†¦show more content†¦The first people that come to mind when I think of this type of friendship is my soccer team from high school. The girls and I shared similar interests which was evident since we were on the soccer team together. We were all determined to win the games we played and had fun doing it. Soccer brought us together and brought out our silly side since we let loose in practice. However, once the season was over most of us stopped talking as often and we just waved hello or goodbye to each other nothing more, and nothing less. The Third and final type of friendship that Aristotle described is an authentic friendship. This type of friendship is based on a person’s character. It is rare, long lasting, and the end result of it is we become better people. I have had the pleasure of coming by authentic friendship. My best friend Joceline and I have known each other for six years. She is funny, smart, sarcastic, loud, fun, and caring. We met through being on the high school soccer team together our freshman year. She was painfully shy and didn’t want to have anything to do with anyone. However, I managed to break her out of her shell, and she managed to help me build my confidence as well as to become more open minded. Over all Aristotle believed that friendships help us personally, and as citizens because they help us live together and find the common good in on in another and we get pleasure out of it. Also he believed that friendship is

International Business Cultural Diversity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2152 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? International business Cultural diversity Executive Summary The current obsession of fairness or skin bleaching product is over-whelming in India bring in more than USD 400 million revenue, which is greater than Coca à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Cola and tea in India. The great demand is the cause of heavy advertising and cultural norm where it is believed that the fair skinned succeed in life. Unilever India has exploited this cultural norm to market their fairness product fair lovely which is an immense success. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dark is beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  campaign headed by the famous actor-director Nandita Das is fighting against this obsession for fair skin in India. The video launched by the campaign à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"1.2 billion shades of beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ promotes the ideology that each individual is beautiful in their unique way. In order to analyze the marketing procedure to verify if it is ethical and socially responsible, three principles have to be applied. Table of Contents Statement of Originality of Subm itted Work Acknowledgement Executive Summary Introduction Colorism Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obsession with fair skin Conclusion References Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Business Cultural Diversity" essay for you Create order Introduction India, officially known as the Republic of India is the seventh largest country by area and the second largest by population, which is currently 1.2 billion. Home to the Indus valley civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian sub-continent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions. Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the worlds third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ altogether. The traditional Indian culture is de fined by a relatively strict social hierarchy. From an early age, children are reminded of their roles and places in society. This is reinforced by the way many believe gods and spirits have an integral and functional role in determining their life. Several differences such as religion and occupation divide the culture. With India being the second largest populated country, it is an extremely large market for local and global marketers. Since India adapted the open economic policy, the market has been elongated with various foreign products. Since this had a great impact on local industry, the government introduced the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Be Indian, Buy Indianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  concept which has helped local industry to survive up to date. Modern India is as High tech as many other countries, but the manufacture is mostly Indian. Although India has a highly developed society, the average Indian faces discrimination every day. The main form of discrimination are colorism and gender ba sed discrimination. Women are greatly threatened by gender discrimination for many centuries in India. Since birth a female child is discriminated. At present in urban and city areas, the gender discrimination has reduced and in some areas it has disappeared altogether. But still colorism is a major discriminatory factor for both males and females alike. Colorism Colorism, a term devised by Alice walker in 1982, is not a synonym of racism. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Raceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  depends in multiple factors: therefore, racial categorization does not solely rely on skin color. Skin color is only one mechanism used to assign individuals to a racial category, but race is set of beliefs and assumptions assigned to that category. Racism is the dependence of social status on the social meaning attached to race; colorism is the dependence of social status on only skin color. In order for a form of discrimination to be considered colorism, differential treatment must not result from racial categorization, but from social values associated with skin color. (Jones, 2000, pp. 14871557) In the Mahabharata, the god Krishna, whose Sanskrit word in its origin language KÃÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ £ÃƒÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡a is primarily an adjective for Black or Dark, is sometimes also translated as all attractive. Wherea s the character Arjuna is often depicted as being lighter, and his name means silvery white. The Rigveda referred to two classes of people, the white-skinned Aryans and the black-skinned Dasas. The Aryans were religious and followed the Vedas, performing all the rituals while the Dasas (at a later stage merged into the Shudraclass) were to serve them. (Chavan and Kidwai, 2006) Individuals in South Asia have tended to see whiter skin as more beautiful. This was most visible in British India, where skin color served as a signal of high status for British. Thus, those individuals with fairer skin color enjoyed more privileges and opportunities than those with dark skin. Anglo-Indians with more European features were often more upwardly mobile and were considered to have a more affluent status. These individuals gained preferences in education and in employment. Darker skinned individuals were socially and economically disadvantaged due to their appearance. (Beyond the South Asian su bcontinent, persons who were dark-skinned, black or colored faced a disadvantage in most European-held colonies.) Most Indian actors and actresses have light skin. (Reddy, 2008) There are many advertisements in reference to a skin bleaching product, Fair and Lovely, which is targeted directly towards mostly women have darker skin. These advertisements appear on billboards throughout South Asian cities, on television advertisements, and Internet advertisements as well. The subject of the majority of the advertisements depicts a darker skinned woman needing a solution to her problem of not being chosen for marriage or a job. The solution suggests that by using Fair and Lovely, her skin tone can be lightened and she can enjoy the privileges associated with it. (Rajesh, 2013) Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obsession with fair skin Indias obsession with fair skin is well documented: in 1978, Unilever launched Fair Lovely cream, which has subsequently spawned numerous whitening face cleansers, shower gels and even vaginal washes that claim to lighten the surrounding skin. In 2010, Indias whitening-cream market was worth $432m, according to a report by market researchers ACNielsen, and was growing at 18% per year. Last year, Indians reportedly consumed 233 tons of skin-whitening products, spending more money on them than on Coca-Cola. (Rajesh, 2013) It is widely known that the obsession to have fair skin has a very long history behind it, owing to caste and culture. It is evident that the marketers at Unilever exploited this cultural norm. As India is a very large market, the marketers at Unilever saw this as a great opportunity to sell their skin lightening product. Although it is not scientifically proven that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fair Lovelyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ actually whiten skin as it claims to do so, the pr oduct was a success. Indians became obsessed to get fair skin in order to succeed in life, as portrayed in Unilever advertisements and Bollywood movies. Media played a major role in this obsession. Educated, successful people were portrayed as light-skinned persons in almost every movie which was produced. This was the main reason for Indians to lust after fair skin. In response to the obsession with fair skin, a group of Indian women founded à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Dark is beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in 2009, which has picked up pace in 2013 since award winning actress director Nandita Das has become the face of the campaign. Das, who has spoken out against the bias against dark skin in recent years, has been actively promoting the cause in interviews on social media and with mainstream media. (Globalvoicesonline.org, 2013) The desire in India for lighter skin is fueled by a widespread belief that dark-skin is ugly and inferior. Not only is fair skin perceived to be a key definer of beauty, but also seen to be an essential element of self-confidence, success, and happiness. (Globalvoicesonline.org, 2013) The fact that fair skin is superior to darker skin has been embedded in all Indians that the majority of the population believe that to be true. However, if you look at this matter in a global point of view, this proves to be wrong, For example, the richest man in the world is a Mexican, who is colored. The most powerful man in the world, the president of USA is colored. Even the face of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Dark is beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ campaign Nandita Das is brown à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" skinned. The most successful basketball player Michael Jordan is colored and so is the world heavy weight champion Mohammed Ali. These people are proof that you do not have to be fair skinned to be successful in life. There are plenty of examples where people who do not have fair skin are extremely successful and have left an everlasting impression on the population all over the world. In a perspective of an organization, which exists to earn profit it could be said it is fair to grab a chance to expedite the launch of fair lovely to a fairness obsessed market such as India. The organization managed to rake in turnover of 400 million US dollars a year, which is more than Coca-Cola and tea in India. But ethically the conduct of these organization is wrong. Although it brings large amounts of profits, it hood-winks the masses and misleads people to believe in ideologies which are not true and do not exist outside of India. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Darkness is beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ recently launched a video named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1.2 billion shades of beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to promote the anti-fairness obsession in the country. The organization are creating a demand for the fairness products by advertising and portraying how a dark skinned woman does not have a job at an Airline, but after using a fairness product the woman gets a job oppor tunity to work in the Airline industry. Advertising campaigns such as this create the demand for fairness products in the Indian community. Exploiting the cultural norms is unethical when looking at the issue in an individual perspective, because it takes advantage of the beliefs of the people in that particular culture heavily. It is evident that the companies have exploited these narrow minded Indian beliefs to earn profits, which I believe is unethical. The determination whether exploitation of cultural norms and values to promote a product is ethical or not is guided by the three ethical principles which provide a framework to help a business or market distinguish between right and wrong, determine what ought to be done and properly justify such actions (Cateora et al., 2011, p. 151). These principles are: 1. Utilitarian ethics this helps to answer the question; does the action optimize the common good or benefits of all constituencies? And who are the pertinent constituencies? 2. Rights of the parties this probe into the question; does the action respect the rights of the individuals involved? 3. Justice or fairness- this answers the question; does the action respect the canons of justice or fairness to all parties involved? (Cateora et al., 2011, p.151). Using these three basic ethical principles to assess how ethical it is to exploit cultural norms and values to promote a product, it is safe to say that if cultural norms and values are exploited to promote a product in a socially responsible and positive manner is ethical but in the case of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fair Lovelyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  advertisement campaign, it is not ethical. So its huge series of campaign that centered on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair girl gets the menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair girl gets the best jobà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  theme is unethical. Conclusion The current obsession of fairness or skin bleaching product is over-whelming in India bring in more than USD 400 million revenue, which is greater than Coca à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Cola and tea in India. The great demand is the cause of heavy advertising and cultural norm where it is believed that the fair skinned succeed in life. Unilever India has exploited this cultural norm to market their fairness product fair lovely which is an immense success. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dark is beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  campaign headed by the famous actor-director Nandita Das is fighting against this obsession for fair skin in India. The video launched by the campaign à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"1.2 billion shades of beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ promotes the ideology that each individual is beautiful in their unique way. After analyzing the marketing procedure with the three ethical principles, it was determined that the fair lovely product advertising campaign is unethical because it does not promote the p roduct in a socially responsible manner. References Books/Journals Jones, T. 2000. Shades of brown: The law of skin color. Duke Law Journal, pp. 14871557. Chavan, N. and Kidwai, Q. J. 2006. Personal law reforms and gender empowerment. Gurgaon: Hope India. Cateora P.R., Gilly M.C. Graham J.L. (2011), International Marketing (15th ed.), p. 94 216, New York, McGraw-Hill Irwin. Online Rajesh, M. 2013. Indias unfair obsession with lighter skin. [online] 14th August. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/aug/14/indias-dark-obsession-fair-skin [Accessed: 9 Jan 2014]. Reddy, S. 2008. Commentary: Fashion Mavens Still Like Light Skin. [online] 02nd July. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/commentary-fashion-mavens-still-light-skin-93003 [Accessed: 9 Jan 2014]. Globalvoicesonline.org. 2013. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Dark Is Beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Campaign Questions Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Skin Colour Prejudices Global Voices. [online] Available at: https://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/08/21/dark-is -beautiful-campaign-questions-indias-skin-colour-prejudices/ [Accessed: 9 Jan 2014].

Negotiation And The Gender Divide - 1768 Words

Carmen Peton Dr. McClintock-Comeaux WST 200 – W01 November 23, 2016 Women Don t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide Linda Babcock and Sara Laschever Women Don t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide is an informational book great for males and females. This book is overflowing with statistics and studies done on men and women, and how gender influences whether or not they negotiate. It provides real life examples of negotiation differences between the genders. The authors also give solutions, and tries to push women to start asking for what they want and need. Women today are expected to play so many different roles than in the past. Women are now bosses, coworkers, wives, and mothers, taking part in the work force more than ever before. Many women also have to support their family alone due to the 40-50 percent divorce rate. (Babcock, Linda, and Sara Laschever. Preface. Women Don t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide. Princeton, 2003. IX-XIII. Print.) While Linda Babcock was the director of the Ph.D. program at her school, she was approached by a group of concerned female graduate students. They explained that the male graduate students were teaching their own courses, while the female students were assigned as teaching assistants to other professors. When Babcock questioned the dean who dealt with the teaching assignments, the dean replied, More men ask. The women just don t ask. This inspired Babcock to conduct a study on the starting salaries ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Gender And Career Choice978 Words   |  4 PagesSHARMA STUDENT ID: 1687816 PRATICAL: 9 DRAFT: 1 APRIL 11, 2015 RESEARCH ESSAY (THE ROLE OF GENDER IN CAREER CHOICE) THE ROLE OF GENDER IN CARRIER CHOICE Career choice is the selection of path by males or females in order to gain success in their life.The selection of a profession is often done by parental guidance, vocational counselling and training opportunities. There is a cultural belief that gender plays an important role in the option of occupation and one question occurs on this idea thatRead MoreA Brief Note On Conflict Management And Negotiation1583 Words   |  7 PagesOption 2: Exploring Negotiations - Gender Tanya Schankel MGT470 - Conflict Management and Negotiation Colorado State University - Global Campus Dr. Bonnie Adams February 5, 2017 Option 2: Exploring Negotiations - Gender Why are women reluctant to negotiate? In a country that values self-reliance and independence, there appears to be a cultural divide between men and women when it comes to negotiation and its practice. According to Babcock, Laschever, Gelfand, and Small (2003), in business, womenRead MoreGender And Gender Differences Among Children s Learning912 Words   |  4 Pagescorrespond with their gender identities. The socialization approach to gender differences among children views gender identification and behavior as being based on children’s learning that they will be rewarded for behaviors which are considered appropriate for their sex, but not for those behaviors appropriate to the other sex. (Cherlin 2009) In this essay, I will argue my partner and I’s view of the importance of a less structured approach to teaching children to â€Å"do gender†, while also explainingRead MoreWhy Alternative Dispute Resolution ( Adr ) Experts1341 Words   |  6 Pagesbasis for ir reconcilable differences. For instance, while Muslims and Christians do not believe in the same God, they both do believe in one God. This type of approach also allows for bridging of differences by framing and reframing the issue(s) that divide the parties, which will allow all parties to reengage their Pre-Frontal Cortex and allow them to have more compassion (Brain whispering: The neurosciences of mediation, February, 2016). Alternative dispute resolution experts also use problem solvingRead MoreTips For Negotiate Your Job Salary1319 Words   |  6 Pagesstarting a new job, salary negotiation provides one of the best routes to increase your pay package. Unfortunately many people do not think of negotiating because they feel uncomfortable or are outright scared. A study conducted by Salary.com, extricates the divide by revealing that a sizable 18% of people do not negotiate for pay. The same statistics indicate that a whopping 44% of people have never considered bringing the issu e to the negotiating table. The gender divide is also evident, since moreRead MoreNegotiation Is An Interpersonal Decision Making Process1056 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction a. Define negotiation Negotiation is an interpersonal decision-making process that individuals take-on when they fail to achieve their objectives or resolve opposing interests. Negotiation is essential in both personal and professional settings and is generally viewed as important to everyday conflict resolution, organizational planning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It is a process by which compromise or agreement is reached while avoiding argument and dispute. In theRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1699 Words   |  7 Pagesfavor their people who believe in the same religion other religious groups will not accept this and they will fight even to the point of waging war. Secondly, as religion and a country’s territory become connected it is close to impossible for negotiations to occur between people of different faith who want the same land resulting in a war since neither side will compromise. Looking at the Israeli and Palestine conflict it has been going on for years and b oth the Jewish and Islamic religion playRead MoreCultural Studies By John Frow And Meaghan Morris852 Words   |  4 Pageschallenging the conduct of other people’s everyday working lives, whether within the framework of a single company.† (Denzin and Lincoln P. 490) In order to make this work, workers need to revise their habits and conducts at work by improving the race and gender equality issues in the workplace for providing more fair opportunities. This way, minorities can also feel their personal and social worth among the society. Culture is seen to affect homes, works neighborhoods and streets. Another important quoteRead MoreThe Role Of Critical Race Theory941 Words   |  4 Pages racial or indigenous minorities in Canada. Consequently, the Critical Race Theory gives an understanding of the power that can be given to a definition such as ‘race’, and how heavily influence the way society functions and sparked in a cultural divide in Canada due to the simple idea that biological and aesthetic difference. The Critical Race Theory gives us the understanding of how common it is for an individual, but most dominantly, a person who is Caucasian or who has light complexion can easilyRead MoreMulti-Party Negotiations Case Studies51 6 Words   |  2 Pages1. The famous military strategy of divide and conquer doesnt just work on the battlefield. Sebenius describes the manner in which then-Treasury Secretary James Baker convened and conducted the so-called Plaza Accords in 1985 to form an international coalition that worked to solve currency problems depressing the US economy: first one ally was approached and an agreement secured, then this allegiance was used to gain support with another, and this coalition of three was used to create a coalition

Emily Dickinson s The Soul Selects Her Own S - 1297 Words

Isolation: WWW6 Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"The Soul selects her own Society-† is a poem that deals with love and heartbreak. The first line of the poem clearly sums up the meaning that the â€Å"soul† chooses which people to let into their life. The opening line represents the overall message of the poem and the rest of the poem elaborates on this line. Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"The Soul selects her own Society† is filled with dark and powerful images that represent the isolation that the soul wants to achieve. The first stanza introduces the situation in the poem: â€Å"Then - shuts the Door† (2), which is meant to show the way that the Soul shuts people out of her life. The Soul that is mentioned in the poem is interesting, because it suggests that the friendship that the â€Å"Soul† wants to achieve goes beyond that of the physical world. A â€Å"Society† (1) that is defined in this poem is the world society that encompasses all p eople. This is not what she wants, because it is selective. The first stanza is filled with meaning, like the â€Å"Door† in line 2 that separates the Soul’s world from the â€Å"Majority†. The majority defined in the poem is created from a feeling of hatred. The Soul is not happy with the community in her area, and chooses to create her own. The imagery of shutting the door from the rest of the world is solemn but also points out the frustration that the woman has towards the community that she feels she does not belong. This dilemma is similar to that of Emily in William Faulkner’s â€Å"AShow MoreRelatedThe Heart And Soul Of People s Innermost Thoughts And Questions868 Words   |  4 Pages Life is a mystery in which new discoveries are made on a daily basis. While on a personal level or higher, people s’ perspectives alter others’ moods and opinions. However, although human beings have traits that allow others to change, can the same b e said about texts? The famous author C. S. Lewis once said that â€Å"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the desertsRead MoreTheme Of Human Mind By Emily Dickinson799 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen explored by authors and philosophers across time. One such explorer on this line of questioning was the famous and reclusive early American poet, Emily Dickinson. Many of Dickinson’s poems involve themes of human understanding in some form or another, and her brilliance was a strong argument for the idea of unlimited mental capacity. Throughout Emily Dickinson’s poems, it is evident that while she explored both arguments of the human mind, she was a believer in the concept of an infinite mind. Read MoreEmily Dickinson s I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed 1237 Words   |  5 PagesDraft: Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson s works made her a woman ahead of her time, through her unwillingness to conform to the norms of society. Emily Dickinson was a poet from the 1850s. Many people tried to urge Dickinson to publish, but she then had to start worrying about her punctuation in her works. Her works held great power and they reached maturity quite quickly as she talks about how dense the natural world is in one of her poems â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewed†. Emily Dickinson was bornRead MorePoetry Is An Art Of Representation Or Imitation2631 Words   |  11 Pageswas Emily Dickinson. Dickinson has been noted as the girl who hid from society with the fear of being unaccepted, â€Å"Frightened by the world and disappointed in her hopes, Dickinson, it is said, retreated into a privacy that shielded her... There,... she is established as a martyr† (Wolosky 17). Despite this reputation, it has been acknowledged that though humble her life was, she was a woman of ambition. Ambition which was flamed by the essayist and fellow poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. â€Å"Dickinson is anRead MoreEmily Dickinson1172 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s works are studied by various audiences from high school students to college scholars. Even without striving to hope that her works would impact so many generations, Dickinson has influenced many generations of poets and plays a major role in the development of American Literature. Dickinson did not become famous for her works until after her death in 1886. Not only is Emily Dickinson’s work important to the study of American Literature, most of her writings were composed duringRead MoreEssay about Nature in the Works of Emily Dickinson1368 Words   |  6 Pagesanyone to enjoy peace and stability in the human minds. Emily Dickinson is a naturalist poet that she wants the world to know that pe ace does exist in the human world and she wants to tell the world. Dickinsons poems are mostly written by nature, love, and death according to Anna Dunlap in her analysis. Dickinsons sister, Lavinia, is the one who published Dickinsons work, on her first attempt the editor that was responsible was taking her sweet time. This editor had Dickinsons work for twoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 PagesCzech Republic on May 6, 1856. Freud was an intelligent man who developed psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis is known as a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on the dreams and fantasies of the patients. Nathaniel Hawthorne s writing tends to incorporate this type of thinking within his writings. Sigmund Freud’s theories on child sexuality, libido and the ego, among other topics, were said to be some of the most influential concepts of the 20th century. Sigmund Freud believedRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 W ords   |  116 Pagesprotagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal conflict, on the other hand, is confined to the protagonist. In this case, the opposition is between two or more elements within the protagonist’s own character, as in Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, when Kurtz struggles (and fails) to subdue the savage instincts concealed beneath his civilized English veneer. Most plots, it should be noted, contain more than one conflict. In some cases, howeverRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages C H A P T E R 1 How to Reason Logically T he goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. Your logical-reasoning skills are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someones point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply conscious quality control as you think, and resist propaganda. Your most important criticalRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesexercises in which students can argue against a proposed course of action to test its merits. A new pedagogical feature, based on a reviewer’s recommendation, appears at the end of the Analysis section: students are asked to make their own analysis, draw their own conclusions, and defend them, thereby having an opportunity to stretch themselves. In some cases where there is considerable updating, a new feature invites students to Assess the Latest Developments. Invitation to Research suggestions

The Leadership Education Free Essays

A. Leadership education. While the debate over whether effective leaders are born that way or can learn these skills, the fact remains that even natural-born leaders need some help in understand the dynamics involved in teams. We will write a custom essay sample on The Leadership Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the U.S. military branches of services recognized this need early on and established service academies to help train their future leaders, but people in business, academia and other professions also have relevant leadership education available as well. According to Barker and Rost (2000), the content of leadership education courses required for the 21st century should address three general categories: (i) the evolution of social change and development, (ii) the processes that influence social development, and (iii) the dynamics of human nature in change processes. These authors add that, â€Å"Leadership education is aimed at producing citizens for a democratic society† (p. 3). B. Continuing education. Many professions require continuing education credits to maintain credentialing and privileges for practice; for example, lawyers and healthcare practitioners must complete a set number of credit hours each year for this purpose. While all professions may not mandate it, the individual pursuit of continuing education in any field should be regarded as a sound business investment, just as the provision of such training by organizations makes good sense. Because of the importance of having effective leaders in any organizational setting, it is vitally important for them to remain cognizant of changes and innovations in their field, as well as in allied fields that may impact their industry. Today is an excellent time to be a professional in search of continuing educational opportunities, though, because of the explosion in adult education classes designed for this purpose, particularly in online forums of various types. In this regard, Jarvis (2002) reports that, â€Å"Adult and continuing education is changing at a tremendously rapid rate in this contemporary, urban world,† and the purposes for which adult leaders are seeking continuing education have changed in fundamental ways in recent years (p. iii). Likewise, Beaudoin (2002) points out that, â€Å"The proliferation of instructional technology in the past decade, particularly in higher education settings, is having a profound impact on how teaching and learning now occurs, and is transforming the means by which institutions reach and support an emerging worldwide market across time and distance† (p. 131). This author adds that because it is so important to organizational and individual success, continuing education has a well developed format concerning not only to the planning and management of continuing education activities, but also insights in the area of leadership (Beaudoin, 2002). C. Types of education. Because every business situation is unique, leadership is taught in a variety of ways across many disciplines. According to Nirenberg (1998), â€Å"Most schools of business typically include the study of leadership as part of a survey of organizational behavior (OB) theory and not as a course in its own right. By all accounts, though, there are continuing and adult education opportunities available for virtually any vocation and avocation today through community colleges and online learning forums and even busy professionals can take advantages of these services. More importantly, though, effective leaders need to be well-rounded individuals with a basic understanding of how the business world works and what makes people behave the way they do. The types of education required for these complicated purposes are clearly a lifelong endeavor because they must continue to be updated and refined, and the more variety in the educational services taken over the course of a individual’s career, the more effective leader that person will likely be. How to cite The Leadership Education, Papers The Leadership Education Free Essays A. Leadership education. While the debate over whether effective leaders are born that way or can learn these skills, the fact remains that even natural-born leaders need some help in understand the dynamics involved in teams. We will write a custom essay sample on The Leadership Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the U.S. military branches of services recognized this need early on and established service academies to help train their future leaders, but people in business, academia and other professions also have relevant leadership education available as well. According to Barker and Rost (2000), the content of leadership education courses required for the 21st century should address three general categories: (i) the evolution of social change and development, (ii) the processes that influence social development, and (iii) the dynamics of human nature in change processes. These authors add that, â€Å"Leadership education is aimed at producing citizens for a democratic society† (p. 3). B. Continuing education. Many professions require continuing education credits to maintain credentialing and privileges for practice; for example, lawyers and healthcare practitioners must complete a set number of credit hours each year for this purpose. While all professions may not mandate it, the individual pursuit of continuing education in any field should be regarded as a sound business investment, just as the provision of such training by organizations makes good sense. Because of the importance of having effective leaders in any organizational setting, it is vitally important for them to remain cognizant of changes and innovations in their field, as well as in allied fields that may impact their industry. Today is an excellent time to be a professional in search of continuing educational opportunities, though, because of the explosion in adult education classes designed for this purpose, particularly in online forums of various types. In this regard, Jarvis (2002) reports that, â€Å"Adult and continuing education is changing at a tremendously rapid rate in this contemporary, urban world,† and the purposes for which adult leaders are seeking continuing education have changed in fundamental ways in recent years (p. iii). Likewise, Beaudoin (2002) points out that, â€Å"The proliferation of instructional technology in the past decade, particularly in higher education settings, is having a profound impact on how teaching and learning now occurs, and is transforming the means by which institutions reach and support an emerging worldwide market across time and distance† (p. 131). This author adds that because it is so important to organizational and individual success, continuing education has a well developed format concerning not only to the planning and management of continuing education activities, but also insights in the area of leadership (Beaudoin, 2002). C. Types of education. Because every business situation is unique, leadership is taught in a variety of ways across many disciplines. According to Nirenberg (1998), â€Å"Most schools of business typically include the study of leadership as part of a survey of organizational behavior (OB) theory and not as a course in its own right. By all accounts, though, there are continuing and adult education opportunities available for virtually any vocation and avocation today through community colleges and online learning forums and even busy professionals can take advantages of these services. More importantly, though, effective leaders need to be well-rounded individuals with a basic understanding of how the business world works and what makes people behave the way they do. The types of education required for these complicated purposes are clearly a lifelong endeavor because they must continue to be updated and refined, and the more variety in the educational services taken over the course of a individual’s career, the more effective leader that person will likely be. How to cite The Leadership Education, Essay examples

Professional Communication Skills for Key Communication Skills

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Communication Skills for Key Communication Skills. Answer: The paper is unveiling three major aspects entailed in professional communication skills. The importance of business communication, the communication styles, and how the skills are acquired to various fields of real life situation has been highlighted. The paper will review the topic taking into consideration the view of various scholars about the topic. Maguire, P. and Pitceathly, C., 2002. Key communication skills and how to acquire them.Bmj,325(7366), pp.697-700. This article explicitly identifies how doctors embrace proper communication skills, demonstrates how effective communication is essential to health practitioners, and how the skills can be acquired. The Author of this articles ventured in a research to demonstrate how nurses and doctors embrace proper communication skills in their workplace. The authors ascribe to the benefits of embracing proper communication skills. The author notes that communication skills help the doctors with the analytical skills of checking the patient`s problem more accurately. Secondly, there is satisfaction of the feedback from the doctors in that, hence the doctors can better understand the problems, investigations, and offer better treatment options. Besides, the author has put emphasis how communication skills play an important role to explicitly define the problem, give opinions, and enable doctors to offer proper description and on the other end of the spectrum the patients are able to adhere to the dosage rules and equally monitor some of the symptoms to the doctors. The author depicts that Communication skills offer the patients relieve because their anxiety and depression is lessened because they doctors are in a position of giving the best advice to their patients. More so, the research demonstrates that doctors have the best communication skills-but also there is a highlight of the common communication skills and how they can be acquired. The empirical data corrected helped the research to come up with the following finding: Doctors with eloquent communications skills are more likely to satisfy the patient`s anxiety than those with improper communication skills. Also, such doctors gain a great job satisfaction and work smoothly. Also, doctors with this skills identify patient`s problems at ease. How Effective Is Your Business Communication Skill? (2015, January 20). Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2015/01/20/how-effective-is-your-business-communication-skill/#7e02926a6718 Martin Zwilling has recognized the importance of communication skills among professional and entrepreneurs. Martin has removed the ambiguity of understanding this by showing how communicators use the skills to boost their business. Martin notes that poor communicators have poor listening attribute, therefore, they don`t recognize the importance of listening to the shortcomings of the feedback from the recipient. Notably, Martin emphasizes that it is the feedback of the recipient that matters hence the end of poor communication is vague feedback or irrelevant feedback. The author borrowed the word of Warren Buffet that Better communication can boost the value of the business by fifty percent. Certainly, Martin urges all of us to embrace better communication skills because they form a basis towards a better performance in the business industry. Therefore, an entrepreneur has to carry out a self assessment to check the aspects to improve and bring changes if possible so as to realize a competitive edge. Booher,D.D., Saltus,K. (2015).What more can I say?: Why communication fails and what to do about it. Diana Booher is professional who has ventured to identify the various parameters that foster proper better communication is business. In his book, Diana has offered a checklist of facets that should boost communication and persuasion in business and each successful entrepreneur should at least to boost their relationship with the clients. Some of the insights for proper communication include: an entrepreneur to generate trust with clients and fight distrust at all cost. The author demonstrates that trust is important because an amalgam of activities is involved in the business chain. Trust comes from you, the way you send messages and the means you use to deliver services to the clients. She further denotes that the entrepreneur should fight to simply issues rather than making them more complex. Simplicity improves the clarity of an issue with results to an improvement in terms of focus and purpose. Also, simplicity boosts decision making hence changing and adjusting ton situations is very fast. Also, the author emphasizes on the need of considering the perspective of the listener rather than the perspective of the presenter. This is actually, essential to carrier achievements especially when giving speeches and presentations to the customers. Consider the package you present to the clients before the customer you realize the potential. Also, Diana has demonstrated the need to capitalize on emotions and logic. To the listeners the two facets are important because they derive the point home in the sense that they offer a path to calm the emotions of the listeners hence making the listener more attentive. Finally, the communicator should be as specific as possible. Many people tent to generalize business issues hence failure to clinch and pinpoint the issue instantly. De Vries, R.E., Van den Hooff, B. and de Ridder, J.A., 2006. Explaining knowledge sharing: The role of team communication styles, job satisfaction, and performance beliefs.Communication research,33(2), pp.115-135. In most cases, we communicate without knowing the style of communication we use. At any instance of communication, a person has to use a specific style of communication. Notably, there is no any other communication style that is superior. So, the styles are all equal depending on the audience the communicator is addressing. Research has proven that there are four philosophical styles of communication. They include, analytical style, intuitive, functional, and personal styles of communication. According to the authors, the only existing philosophical difference between the various styles is the extent to communicate the idea or the data to use in communication. Analytical communicators use tangible information like real data and figure to pass a message. For example, when reporting that the annual sales were positive, you are expected to define the positivity in the sales, such that you give facts and figures to support the information being communicated. On the other hand, intuitive communicators require things which are in summary form. They avoid speaking in details and they don`t take a broad view of ideas. For example, a mathematics teacher can decide to show students the formula and the final answer without showing the operation part. In this case, the teacher would have jumped to the conclusion assuming the middle part of calculation is obvious as long as there is the students have the formula. In another perspective, functional communication plays a role of using a step by step criterion to define information so that nothing is left out. The communicator utilizes vernal and non-verbal aspects of communication to explain the point. Personal communication style embraces the use of emotional language to analyze the feeling of others. The communicator finds the value by assessing what people think and there feeling towards a given subject matter. The communicator typically tends to identify the inner feelings of the listener hence you are able to create new relationships with others. In conclusion, as noted professional communications skills involves an amalgam of important facets, like knowing the communication style, the importance of better communication skills, and how the skills are acquired are all important to make an eloquent communicator. Proper communication is important to all people either professional or non-professional. References Maguire, P. and Pitceathly, C., 2002. Key communication skills and how to acquire them.Bmj,325(7366), pp.697-700. Booher,D.D., Saltus,K. 2015.What more can I say?: Why communication fails and what to do about it. How Effective Is Your Business Communication Skill? (2015, January 20). Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2015/01/20/how-effective-is-your-business-communication-skill/#7e02926a6718 De Vries, R.E., Van den Hooff, B. and de Ridder, J.A., 2006. Explaining knowledge sharing: The role of team communication styles, job satisfaction, and performance

Educational Administration and Management

Questions: 1. Based on your own experience think of an educational institution that needs change. Discuss several methods that the organization can use to overcome resistance to change? 2. You must have observed many school principals and other administrators in educational institutions. Create two lists based on your observation? 3. What you would most likely do if you were the person described in the situation? Answers: 1. While researching about various educational institutions, I am across this institution which according to me was in a terrible shape and immediately needed some change in the way it was working otherwise it would die a natural death. As I observed its present condition, I prefer not naming g the institution and lets assume it to be XYZ. By bad condition I do not mean that it was did follow the rules and regulations as such or the administration was pathetic but as an outsider I could [perceive that the education does need some major changes to survive in the long run. According to the survey conducted by me and colleagues on the institution I noted the exact changes that were needed for its improvement. I believe what was important in this place was to bring about skill based teaching rather than the theoretical teaching that was been monotonously be carried out. It is very important these days to have practical knowledge about things because in the end it wills these skills that would help someone to feed their stomach rather than anything else. Another important change required is to get a smarter rather creative teaching faculty for this institution. This has become the need of the hour. The children in todays generation have become sharper and teacher need to match up their level, introducing new methods of teaching along with other interesting activities to keep them engaged and makes the sessions enjoyable for them. What else was required was a kind of total revolution in the technology used and infrastructural development of the institution. Here again I am not trying to say that the structure unacceptable or so but I simply mean that this change would be good in order to cope up with todays modern society. Another change which I found was absolute necessary was personalizing of education i.e. the way of teaching should be varying depending on the ability of the student. One thing that should be kept in mind that everybody is not the same and one size cannot fit all. Some kids take time to learn while some can learn faster. Thus the teaching methodology should be tailor fit depending upon the childs ability to cope up with things. Having noted so many changes in the educational institution I would now try to analyze what methods can the organization in turn follow to resist the changes taking place not necessarily the ones that pointed out here. People generally resist change due to reasons like misunderstandings, selfish interests, and low tolerance of change and so on. However there is a need to overcome such resistance and this could be done in the following ways: The foremost thing that is to be done id to manage the perception of the people. People tend to resist something when they feel that it is forcibly done to them. Once if the organization is able to overcome this, they can facilitate the change easily We should always keep in mind that something that would always remain constant is change. Thus the institution should try and make change in any form a part of their culture. The institution should try to take the reaction of a skeptical person in a positive manner and listen to them as that it can be pretty tough, but then again that is what is to be done here. The institution should thoroughly take up the background change which has taken place so far to facilitate the change in a better way. The institution should be ready for any preconceived notions that they might have to face while dealing with the changes. 2. Based on past observance heres a list of things that head of institutions did that highly motivated the teachers to put in their best and work harder was the following : Communication A very important thing I noticed was the institutions with a clear communication between the head of the institution and the faculty members resulted in their better performance factor as it acted a motivating factor. The members felt that they can actually talk and have a conversation with the head regarding any matter of concern. When the heads tried to take the initiative to facilitate contact between the students and the faculty members enabling the students to reach out to the faculties at any point of time and vice versa helped the members to be activelyinvolved in the work they did which actually proved to be beneficial. A positive attitude is the antidote or any problems or stress coming along the way. heads of the institution who were more positive in their approach with the faculty members showed better results as compared to the others Appreciation is something which is very necessary irrespective of the sector in which the organization falls under. The head of institutions who took the initiative to appreciate the members of the faculty, who had worked harder and showed results, had greater satisfaction in comparison to the other institutions. This was not only a motivating factor for the faculty members who did well but also a driving force for the others to perform well the next time The heads that conducting regular meeting to discuss problems and agendas with its faculty members resulted in greater success than the others because any issue that cropped up was instantly solved rather than its growing. Things that the heads did which destroyed the motivation of it faculty members were: The heads who were found very rigid in their approach with the I am always right attitude did not work well with the faculty members One of the most common demotivating factors found in many institution were the heads always pointing out the pitfalls with the faculty members with no emotion of encouragement for the next time Heads who were very strict in granting leaves or holidays to the faculty members thoroughly demotivated all its members Leading a monotonous life without any recreational activities of any sort provided to the members destroyed their motivation to work for the institution Not letting the faculty member to be creative in their ways and to stick to the traditional mode that has been followed throughout the years has acted as a demotivating factor too. Observing both the motivating as well the demotivating factors one can say that the head of any educational institutional should try and follow the middle path. One should neither be too strict making them unapproachable or too lenient. One should know how balance and know how behave one. Another quality effective leadership is when the head works in a diplomatic manner rather than being emotional. One should also be very particular about their behavior and not acting very bossy rather than imposing g the authority when the situations demand. For effective leadership one should always have self-confidence which is very essential in motivating himself before he motivates anybody else. However this in any case shouldnt become over confidence. All this would help a head to be an effective leader in any educational institution. 3. One such program I heard about was the training that was conducted in a local university on the concept of cooperative learning. This is a new very concept for the school and this could be something different and a new experience for the students of our school. I did some research work on this and found out that cooperative learning can actually help the children to perform better. As we all know that humans cannot live in isolation, and there is need for the people to interact with one another and stay together in a peaceful way if one living in a society. The theory of cooperative learning is based on this phenomenon. It helps the children to stay together, work together and also learn together. I have done a thorough reading on the concept of cooperative learning and its importance for school goers. Being the head of the institution, it is my sole responsibility to ensure that the implementation of the concept of cooperative learning happens in the most fruitful manner to provide maximum results. I need to demonstrate instructional leadership in order to facilitate, improve and promote the holistic growth and development of every student in both scholastic and non scholastic arena. I need to put up special focus for at risk children and whether they are being able to apply the skills they learn in the practical environment. The vision along with long and short term goals are clear for me and based on them, I engage the parents, teachers and students towards achieving the vision which is only possible through continuous and comprehensive work. The available data which I have gathered from all the stakeholders during the implementation of cooperative learning is being used by me for further analysis and studying the details and obscure areas so that they can be improved. I have also taken up a proactive role to support the instructional efforts of the teachers. I communicate frequently with the students and have also asked my respective teachers to directly communicate with me so as to pass on instructions and address the needs of the students. The instructional values are being directly imparted to the teachers so that the teaching learning process can be effective and interesting. Apart for instructions, being the principal it is my utmost duty to provide and allocate resources and materials to the teachers well ahead of the class so that they can prepare themselves in advance and make their respective classes interesting and worthy. I ensure that we have the latest technologies being used in the classrooms so that children understand better and thus learn better. All the classrooms are equipped with smart boards enabling the students to have a better understanding of each subject. In order to ensure that the students are comfortable in the ways and the methods that the teachers are using, we endure that we have regular checks for the same. For this purpose I took the initiative of sending the trained teachers for various programs to learn new methods of teaching and then coming and putting them into practice in our very own school. The grass root problems can be solved only if I visit the classrooms and see where there is an issue. So, I regularly visit different classrooms and evaluate the performance of students as well as teachers individually and also in a composite manner to have a fair idea regarding the success of this cooperative learning pedagogy. The various feedbacks and on spot criteria I obtain are being discussed with the teachers so that requisite rectification is made and then it is rolled out again. I also collect regular feedback from teachers and parents regarding this and look for areas where improvement is necessary. Be actively involved in the classroom activities with the students and teachers and draw upon points. I would now ask the teachers to switch on to the old method of teaching for a few weeks. Again I would be actively involved in the all the classroom activities along with students and the teachers. After undertaking my personal observation I would now compare the results as well the performance of each child during the time when cooperative learning was going on and in turn compare with the time when we had switched back to the old system of learning or rather the usual method that has been followed throughout. After gather all the facts together, I would thereby make a comparison of each students performs during the time when the cooperative learning method was undertaken and when it was put off. This would now give a very clear idea of what actually is the outcome of this method and whether the children are likely to benefit from this program or we should actually take it out of the system. Based on this I would be able to respond to the question and complains that are pouring in from the parents from al the sides. Response: After getting to know that the parents are complaining to the teachers as well as the boss, I decide to take this matter seriously and arrange a meeting with the parents who feel that the new method of cooperative learning would a be a problem for their children and creating problems for them as well. I arrange for a meeting with all the parents. Having done so, I would individually deal with all the questions that thrown at me. As I have already my homework, I am now in a position to make them understanding the benefits of cooperative learning, why it is important and how will it be helpful for their children in the long run. The first problem that a parent raised was it was slowing his/ her child. To this I could respond by making her understand that the method is not slowing the child but is actually teaching her/him how to work in a group with other children. It teaches the spirit of cooperation where the child is getting to learn a lot. The next question was dealt by highlighting the fact that this is actually a way to promote competition among the students, however this competition from every aspect is a healthy one. Another parent stated that cooperative learning is a waste of time. To this my response would be if the children do not enjoy what they learn how they would actually develop an interest in their studies. Learning through playing would be one of the best ways to make the child active and be drawn towards their work. All the activities undertaken during the cooperative learning classes actually promote a better understanding of their work and studies. One of the parents remarked that her child is given all the work of the group. To this I can definitely assure her that it will made sure that work is divided equally among the children and also endure that everyone is responsible for their own price of work. The last question came up was of other children being nasty to her son in the group. This could be solved by reshuffling his. We would decide to put him in such a group where he would have his friend , where he would be comfortable working with them which would help him to open up be tter and this would also make him want to come to the school. References: Ambrose, S. A., Bridges, M. W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M. C., Norman, M. K. (2010).How learning works: Seven research-based principles for smart teaching. John Wiley Sons. Aydin, S. (2012). Factors causing demotivation in EFL teaching process: A case study.The qualitative report,17(51), 1. Eyal, O., Roth, G. (2011). Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation: Self-determination theory analysis.Journal of Educational Administration,49(3), 256-275. Farid, M. T. A. S. (2011). Factors affecting teachers motivation.International journal of Business and social science,2(1). George, L., Sabapathy, T. (2011). Work motivation of teachers: Relationship with organizational commitment/La motivation au travail des enseignants: La relation avec l'engagement organisational.Canadian Social Science,7(1), 90. Lunenburg, F. C., Ornstein, A. C. (2011).Educational administration: Concepts and practices. Cengage Learning. Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M. A. (2012).A Leadership Guide for Today's Disabilities Organizations: Overcoming Challenges and Making Change Happen. Brookes Publishing Company. PO Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285. Sursock, A., Smidt, H., Davies, H. (2010).Trends 2010: A decade of change in European Higher Education(Vol. 1). Brussels: European University Association.